{"id":"W2011348514","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.229","title":"Measurement and modeling of the sooting propensity of binary fuel mixtures","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; National Research Council Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Propane; Methane; Soot; Ethylene; Butane; Chemistry; Fraction (chemistry); Alkane; Mole fraction; Diffusion flame; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Hydrocarbon; Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Physical chemistry; Combustion; Catalysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002356056,0.0001320561,0.0002182036,0.00006662639,0.00007980894,0.000006144435,0.0003827628,0.00008009341,7.89385e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000481723,0.00008536576,0.00007587487,0.0003197439,0.0002258413,0.0001997348,0.0003379161,0.0002211884,1.342611e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005651864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001924715,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004121559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003101646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989712,0.00000319551,0.0003807334,0.0001507411,0.0003618083,0.0001322829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990276,0.000009821607,0.000312005,0.0001516513,0.0004849288,0.00001402004],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001731507,0.00003943147,0.002636419,0.0005239782,0.0000172492,4.517048e-8,0.00004563731,0.475524,0.5029986,0.0180039,0.00004421278,0.0001491818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004385793,0.00002327993,0.00417032,0.0009173659,0.00006839212,0.000006902446,0.0001005845,0.2457582,0.7412617,0.007058809,0.00004002354,0.0001558953],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903262,0.0003162584,0.007797997,0.0003648897,0.0001522028,0.0002610841,0.000002552438,0.0001115178,0.0006672635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972161,0.00001707647,0.002691687,0.000006461416,0.00002256713,0.000008226933,2.930609e-7,0.00001155591,0.00002603127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2382631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3481115,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03138352962666052,"score_gpt":0.220612869578397,"score_spread":0.1892293399517364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}