{"id":"W2011888982","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-0064.2001.tb01189.x","title":"Urban impoverishment and multiple modes of livelihood in Ghana","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes","topic":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Rockefeller Foundation","keywords":"Livelihood; Restructuring; Poverty; Economic growth; Business; Capital (architecture); Development economics; Economics; Geography; Finance; Agriculture","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003701535,0.000268655,0.0003716637,0.003026707,0.0005372616,0.00006700394,0.000349217,0.0001926259,0.00007634377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001418136,0.0002827212,0.0001260718,0.003117092,0.001594092,0.0002907573,0.00004040532,0.000163118,0.000002006104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001250976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002977173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8875865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9990828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977521,0.0001072293,0.0003826336,0.0004122528,0.0002676252,0.001078192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984434,0.0001475259,0.000107372,0.0002303262,0.0001245004,0.000946854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002863292,0.00003600975,0.9447662,0.0000349407,0.00008557876,0.00008720476,0.02309168,0.000002526641,0.00002153445,0.01840946,0.00465047,0.008785776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008826646,0.0001749791,0.6288949,0.0001794972,0.00003914326,0.00001246578,0.2417309,0.00002736038,0.00003875142,0.002041968,0.1251101,0.0008673032],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9753884,0.007818028,4.562934e-7,0.002498578,0.0002575454,0.0003791431,0.00005712168,0.00004871952,0.01355202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9815784,0.01755436,0.0001295327,0.0001967718,0.00007751837,0.00002553161,0.00001586188,0.00002201594,0.0003999765],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3158713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01359452129584257,"score_gpt":0.2126260046590002,"score_spread":0.1990314833631577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}