{"id":"W2012166351","doi":"10.5539/hes.v1n2p47","title":"An Investigation of Taiwanese Doctoral Students’ Academic Writing at a U.S. University","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Syllabus; Higher education; Curriculum; Mathematics education; Task (project management); Pedagogy; Psychology; Academic writing; Medical education; Political science; Engineering; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001799149,0.0001310421,0.0002288154,0.0001540707,0.000369801,0.00001895626,0.0002300229,0.00002946708,0.001340337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007309468,0.00011715,0.00005885402,0.00009127505,0.0006327262,0.0004130672,0.000128112,0.00008295157,0.00003991971],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001015792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004128724,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003904227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004530251,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990852,0.00008739256,0.0002438988,0.0002078445,0.0002363231,0.0001393774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999045,0.00003697588,0.0002195306,0.0001886203,0.0004623813,0.00004749851],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003064109,0.0002385831,0.3916493,0.00008501691,0.0005895491,0.000002230567,0.3778465,7.354648e-7,0.0002020138,0.2187575,0.01033838,0.000259498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003072715,0.0001207165,0.3239712,0.0001355087,0.0005044056,8.225277e-7,0.6443189,7.361986e-7,0.0004130045,0.002560754,0.02732096,0.0003457941],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9800508,0.002828552,3.486474e-7,0.0001690715,0.0007076841,0.00008669191,0.000009548245,0.00005264242,0.01609464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9775057,0.000172472,0.0001065182,0.0001536069,0.0004199783,0.000009174502,0.00001519182,0.00001032808,0.021607],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2664723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995726,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1224000575630779,"score_gpt":0.3562068239590518,"score_spread":0.2338067663959739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}