{"id":"W2012563923","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.091","title":"The lignin present in steam pretreated softwood binds enzymes and limits cellulose accessibility","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":395,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Cellulose; Softwood; Lignin; Hydrolysis; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Chemistry; Steam explosion; Cellulase; Substrate (aquarium); Biochemistry; Organic chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Materials science; Composite material; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001739879,0.000143132,0.0001277346,0.0002107579,0.00006897979,0.00001666549,0.0002601161,0.0003187733,0.00002530833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003619354,0.0001007547,0.0000233255,0.0004102801,0.0002764454,0.00005060558,0.0001109281,0.0002640391,0.00002113037],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003578578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007474425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003082785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001591088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991687,0.00002990088,0.0001939729,0.0002672386,0.00007367993,0.0002665225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951,0.00002413443,0.0000328235,0.0003681279,0.00002114653,0.0000437974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002790588,0.0006716241,0.4883139,0.0005429424,0.0002082902,0.0000619128,0.00323596,0.00001860576,0.1734187,0.001918213,0.02099418,0.3103366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000574653,0.000157679,0.04851622,0.00002250458,0.00001426805,0.00001641711,0.0007033305,0.001101203,0.9117089,0.0006046892,0.03633019,0.0002499449],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924439,0.004361968,0.00001510207,0.0004272285,0.0001356873,0.0002590959,0.000002434218,0.0007028375,0.001651794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991044,0.0003433729,0.0001315619,0.00001046192,0.00002785214,0.00002413168,0.000001659741,0.00001578508,0.0003408217],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7382903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4108658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01641051435074762,"score_gpt":0.2059370816751508,"score_spread":0.1895265673244032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}