{"id":"W2012578583","doi":"10.1002/2014gl060059","title":"Effects of particle mixtures and nozzle geometry on entrainment into volcanic jets","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysical Research Letters","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Entrainment (biomusicology); Plume; Geology; Mechanics; Turbulence; Eddy; Volcano; Inflow; Jet (fluid); Explosive eruption; Particle (ecology); Atmospheric sciences; Geometry; Pyroclastic rock; Meteorology; Physics; Seismology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000404522,0.0001305033,0.0001884415,0.00009713147,0.00006706452,0.00003206572,0.0002022116,0.00004675579,0.000007249134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004227962,0.0001230727,0.00004803518,0.0002969428,0.000232104,0.00006678775,0.0001039731,0.0003631205,0.0001002194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009232418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000622518,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004576656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005120084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998283,0.0001520433,0.0001566613,0.0002359464,0.0006066905,0.0005656495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983381,0.001124071,0.00001194074,0.0002963349,0.00003055935,0.0001989717],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002403212,0.00008481206,0.0002257833,0.0001985758,0.00003587838,0.00001055147,0.0002765858,0.001109801,0.9838331,0.004486328,0.0009153542,0.008799186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008732416,0.0003503566,0.03199641,0.00008584293,0.00001333424,9.488875e-7,0.0000174597,0.3673323,0.5964396,0.002082744,0.0005663598,0.0002413709],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976812,0.00008625583,0.001100459,0.0006024576,0.0001094521,0.0002102568,0.000001924627,0.00006649392,0.0001415194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993231,0.00002203693,0.0001751692,0.0002629234,0.0001277678,0.00004516049,0.000001478332,0.00002738789,0.00001497194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3873935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.501876,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00977561340627868,"score_gpt":0.2681234003576654,"score_spread":0.2583477869513867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}