{"id":"W2012702304","doi":"10.1115/gt2010-23214","title":"Lean Premixed Turbulent Flame Front Structure and Implications for Modeling","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 2: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions, Parts A and B","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Premixed flame; Turbulence; Diffusion flame; Laminar flame speed; Combustion; Bunsen burner; Mechanics; Flame structure; Combustor; Materials science; Particle image velocimetry; Flame speed; Jet (fluid); Propane; Curvature; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics; Geometry; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003448823,0.0005129923,0.0003163163,0.0006080322,0.0003353748,0.0004360639,0.00057101,0.0004655232,0.000793368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007082158,0.000283,0.0005227258,0.000245155,0.0003117857,0.0006100569,0.0002938952,0.0003300055,0.0001358839],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008138988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004677104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008429338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005101326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999375,0.00001144687,0.000002996514,0.000008595057,0.00002458328,0.00001493384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998583,0.0000516711,0.00002827978,0.00001536951,0.00003120316,0.00001517229],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001827957,0.00008667633,0.007001334,0.00007389594,0.00001553833,0.0001629516,0.00008019806,0.9311839,0.04934995,0.004719023,0.0001030636,0.007040839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000627446,0.00002529198,0.001571569,0.000004251448,0.000002775023,0.00002339104,0.00001062732,0.9933616,0.003970588,0.0008902948,0.0001274525,0.000005928643],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8719096,0.0004895383,0.1231741,0.0001095189,0.00002149869,0.0000544953,0.0002659058,0.0003133773,0.003662012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852641,0.0001562245,0.01344659,0.00001064461,0.000007250217,0.00001797008,0.0001027079,0.00002962805,0.0009648813],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008429338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01676059,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01074436102880905,"score_gpt":0.2232582888359452,"score_spread":0.2125139278071361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}