{"id":"W2013033730","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.08.001","title":"Origin, distribution and hydrogeochemical controls on methane occurrences in shallow aquifers, southwestern Ontario, Canada","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geochemistry","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Aquifer; Groundwater; Geology; Overburden; Bedrock; Natural gas; Methane; Hydraulic fracturing; Geochemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Oil shale; Unconventional oil; Geomorphology; Mining engineering; Petroleum engineering; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001275675,0.0002208815,0.0002167868,0.00000194859,0.00005348645,0.00001573532,0.0001779539,0.0001179763,0.0005393508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001420586,0.0002145983,0.00002517625,0.00006860137,0.0001905108,0.00003697741,0.0001242157,0.0002578881,0.0000226936],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007172323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004065314,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4643135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6169896,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986629,0.00001237822,0.0002061131,0.0004543995,0.0003082211,0.0003559357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994714,0.00006478074,0.00007353743,0.0002219652,0.000001374351,0.0001669688],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001254133,0.0001418828,0.9487202,0.00002031841,0.00001916088,0.00001439485,0.0001675298,0.00482921,0.03743884,0.0001466698,0.0007920297,0.007584309],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007355977,0.0002362382,0.7752745,0.0001182479,0.0001428033,0.00006720371,0.001276614,0.01992209,0.09644528,0.004594686,0.09149214,0.00307421],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9911377,0.0000107498,0.0003134526,0.00008059557,0.00003531596,0.000116853,0.00001805443,0.00001707378,0.008270157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989847,0.000004650467,0.0002820854,0.000268776,0.00002635249,0.00003226836,0.000152358,0.000008815484,0.0002400255],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1734457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8751063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00371508738842916,"score_gpt":0.174445922325241,"score_spread":0.1707308349368119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}