{"id":"W2013059325","doi":"10.1007/s10988-008-9028-z","title":"A universal scale of comparison","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Linguistics and Philosophy","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":157,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Morpheme; Scale (ratio); Philosophy of language; Mathematics; Interpretation (philosophy); Value (mathematics); Contrast (vision); Connection (principal bundle); Beauty; Computer science; Degree (music); Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Epistemology; Geometry; Physics; Metaphysics; Philosophy; Geography; Cartography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007178395,0.0001057036,0.0002182366,0.00007531108,0.0002172997,0.000015327,0.0000821909,0.00003831752,0.0001348047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005315315,0.0001047153,0.00004223023,0.00002400386,0.0003282932,0.00001113033,0.00003559112,0.00008628132,0.00001574224],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000107074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003098492,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005258096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009892506,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999305,0.00001835947,0.000263156,0.0001476192,0.0001467389,0.0001191602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992356,0.0001054001,0.000146648,0.0001473497,0.0003084521,0.00005655555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000181264,0.00007558567,0.004075632,0.00004463301,0.00002272563,0.000006701364,0.02003745,0.000008969804,0.000006320611,0.9754706,0.0001690265,0.00006420902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006161233,0.0002004515,0.0008196152,0.00007608064,0.00009298385,0.000004358595,0.0008062506,0.002731013,0.0001526861,0.8809456,0.1132783,0.0002765234],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1936954,0.0003497696,0.0007249923,0.003043504,0.004805662,0.0002596691,0.0001978544,0.0001292509,0.7967939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949881,0.00002410614,0.001139118,0.00006390826,0.00352344,9.556214e-7,0.00002187809,0.0000141653,0.0002242893],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8012928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4270168,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04805106839751504,"score_gpt":0.2438246473174842,"score_spread":0.1957735789199691,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}