{"id":"W2013527926","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0039429","title":"Repeated Origin and Loss of Adhesive Toepads in Geckos","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","field":"Engineering","cited_by":276,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Gecko; Adhesive; Morphology (biology); Biology; Evolutionary biology; Mechanism (biology); van der Waals force; Phylogenetics; Lineage (genetic); Adhesion; Gekkonidae; Zoology; Ecology; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Squamata; Genetics; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005990855,0.00007094749,0.0001375593,0.00007643689,0.00001996994,0.000004454197,0.00003196387,0.00004922033,0.00009470495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003215376,0.00007280337,0.00001676599,0.0001256077,0.0000160853,0.0001921908,0.000008346473,0.00009588466,0.00002902125],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003976146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005219573,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006806839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000356573,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995316,0.00001400798,0.0001566331,0.00006516233,0.00008745828,0.0001451258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997353,0.00004829936,0.00001990148,0.0001081051,0.00003545457,0.00005296572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003270301,0.000974185,0.7919573,0.0002372956,0.0002891543,0.00000580827,0.004316753,0.0005992086,0.2003359,0.0004185617,0.0005814254,0.0002517413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001114444,0.0001495149,0.4225778,0.0008095409,0.000206454,0.00001837544,0.001020268,0.01648907,0.5541246,0.0002671857,0.002583837,0.0006389594],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974043,0.0004335367,0.00007302341,0.00002045398,0.0000839464,0.0000846913,0.000005944822,0.00007887179,0.001815177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987444,0.0002231007,0.0006327273,0.000005846962,0.00005482262,0.000009232943,0.000005234242,0.00001437342,0.0003102869],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3693795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2968835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03557040447525319,"score_gpt":0.2260136330762266,"score_spread":0.1904432286009734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}