{"id":"W2013592197","doi":"10.1145/1831407.1831429","title":"Difference engine","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications of the ACM","topic":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":232,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"ASTER","funders":"Division of Computer and Network Systems; University of California","keywords":"Computer science; Operating system; Virtual machine; Bottleneck; Memory footprint; Internet hosting service; Multiplexing; Hypervisor; Cloud computing; Statistical time division multiplexing; Overhead (engineering); The Internet; Embedded system; Virtualization","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["open_science"],"consensus_categories":["open_science"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001850774,0.00004285177,0.00005371115,0.0000275711,0.0001747178,0.00002603925,0.0553454,0.00001816276,0.00000273912],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001552988,0.0000283635,0.00004650879,0.000224112,0.0001112661,0.0000072841,0.04755922,0.0001944402,0.00001399379],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004109445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001282638,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001978128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001616808,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995989,0.0000452298,0.0001056514,0.00008231251,0.00009402689,0.00007392048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9605969,0.000185631,0.00006607945,0.03909362,0.00003951915,0.00001828971],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001378271,0.0004343682,0.006949326,0.00002293945,0.00005353602,2.377188e-7,0.002169192,0.0007887981,0.0216482,0.7298139,0.0173964,0.2207217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004059823,0.00003787058,0.2103237,0.00007880242,0.00002425962,0.00001308567,0.0000658563,0.2875531,0.008078412,0.390625,0.1024736,0.0003202963],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8004987,0.0002621273,0.006132261,0.1803471,0.0005924701,0.0001835577,0.000001022368,0.0001771328,0.01180562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8215377,0.000005064667,0.1779742,0.0001072487,0.00001085648,0.000003697168,1.779505e-7,0.00000195512,0.000359065],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.339189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9601439,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02505365241634399,"score_gpt":0.2608193004791189,"score_spread":0.2357656480627749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}