{"id":"W2017239387","doi":"10.1021/ef400459m","title":"Characterization of Acidic Compounds in Heavy Petroleum Resid by Fractionation and Negative-Ion Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Analysis","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"ARC Resources (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Asphaltene; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance; Naphthenic acid; Electrospray ionization; Mass spectrometry; Electrospray; Fraction (chemistry); Chromatography; Phenols; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001840687,0.0002381018,0.0004378123,0.0005741538,0.0001471359,0.00009042553,0.0001292389,0.0002007318,0.0003157663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004450599,0.0002471508,0.0001213951,0.001447546,0.00008493846,0.0007035037,0.0000108038,0.0002091234,0.000002449887],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002086691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004457622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006132832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001511759,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981741,0.00007244185,0.0005421961,0.0004565702,0.000453868,0.0003008623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990748,0.00006731527,0.000385734,0.000230816,0.0001619441,0.00007942829],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006734559,0.0001019296,0.01246713,0.00004161706,0.0001390104,6.294073e-7,0.00009876828,0.000133597,0.9820452,0.000114395,0.0000186499,0.004771761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000610774,0.00004854809,0.02021966,0.00005597494,0.0001875296,0.000001755031,0.0001052989,0.008969717,0.9681872,0.0006084788,0.0007582099,0.0002468658],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9727568,0.0004916189,0.02366864,0.0007042385,0.00002704964,0.00001751902,0.00003016501,0.00005615081,0.002247832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947951,0.0008651444,0.0003544485,0.00004669725,0.0001008107,0.00004533409,0.001007225,0.00002811713,0.002757115],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02331419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00406601768710323,"score_gpt":0.205298685001119,"score_spread":0.2012326673140158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}