{"id":"W2017971019","doi":"10.1021/es801611a","title":"Herbicidal Effects of Sulfamethoxazole in <i>Lemna gibba</i>: Using <i>p</i>-Aminobenzoic Acid As a Biomarker of Effect","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Baylor University","keywords":"Lemna gibba; Dihydropteroate synthase; DHPS; Metabolite; Sulfamethoxazole; Chemistry; EC50; Lemna; Dinitrobenzene; Lomefloxacin; Sulfonamide; Potency; Mode of action; Biochemistry; Pharmacology; Antibiotics; Biology; Botany; Stereochemistry; Ciprofloxacin; Pyrimethamine; In vitro; Aquatic plant; Ofloxacin","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008046311,0.0004812447,0.0002388162,0.0003065682,0.0001277937,0.0002753437,0.0001790283,0.0004028678,0.0008189459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001265132,0.000131079,0.0002201716,0.0001906368,0.0001760797,0.0001479627,0.0001498191,0.0003317745,0.0002635563],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004306234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001395323,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00343443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004330435,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999185,0.00001848143,0.000006822776,0.00002652923,0.00001836014,0.00001140666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998735,0.00002798538,0.00004363814,0.000009227931,0.00002661521,0.00001901037],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003775343,0.000004177874,0.00009625997,0.00002173286,0.000001896322,0.00001320262,0.00000556508,0.00001737998,0.9994127,0.000004326474,0.000006927962,0.0003781406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004103207,0.0005627755,0.0119248,0.000009269189,0.00001876562,0.00007606068,0.00004846381,0.0005873897,0.985904,0.00001664906,0.0008389818,0.000008559291],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934546,0.001820144,0.001758342,0.0001035983,0.00002144152,0.00004054577,0.001030952,0.0002348495,0.001535578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915498,0.001057286,0.003435334,0.0001546241,0.000009504078,0.00005616335,0.0009029311,0.00005147036,0.002782937],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00343443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006828845,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01245404186560402,"score_gpt":0.2709312653491243,"score_spread":0.2584772234835203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}