{"id":"W2018169909","doi":"10.1177/0023830913513206","title":"The Early Phase of /ɹ/ Production Development in Adult Japanese Learners of English","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language and Speech","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Sentence; Symbol (formal); Task (project management); Reading (process); Production (economics); Linguistics; Formant; Perception; Speech production; Word (group theory); Audiology; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002700643,0.0001884996,0.0001770876,0.0003385915,0.0002629336,0.0004491975,0.0001335823,0.0002338012,0.0009335682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001173913,0.0002338538,0.0001284268,0.0001300792,0.0002760726,0.0002594005,0.0002769397,0.0002315354,0.0003457458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001788451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001947279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007504573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01172116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998635,0.0000169222,0.00001461938,0.00003567251,0.00003578161,0.00003348404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991934,0.0001329761,0.000252616,0.00002825712,0.0001692974,0.0002235361],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003314147,0.0001746721,0.9467847,0.00003840514,0.00001837219,0.0007768776,0.007366056,0.00003264815,0.03386708,0.00001952176,0.00007142712,0.01051886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002061697,0.0002548902,0.9968758,0.000002835228,0.000006649263,0.0003372272,0.001384157,0.00003351132,0.0009868796,0.000005762608,0.0001064794,0.00000367499],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999868,0.00001953868,0.00001456325,0.000002296482,3.333597e-7,8.547682e-7,0.00001178725,0.000001096183,0.00008136414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996086,0.00003625542,0.00005477678,0.000005526342,7.233605e-7,0.000003010426,0.00003945473,0.000001314089,0.0002503134],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007504573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01492178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01576549776426936,"score_gpt":0.3207735715616276,"score_spread":0.3050080737973582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}