{"id":"W2018224182","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0034690","title":"A Mid-Cretaceous Origin of Sociality in Xylocopine Bees with Only Two Origins of True Worker Castes Indicates Severe Barriers to Eusociality","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; York University","keywords":"Eusociality; Sociality; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Kin selection; Social evolution; Lineage (genetic); Zoology; Subfamily; Simple (philosophy); Ecology; Hymenoptera","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009776461,0.0001721952,0.0001502247,0.0002660129,0.0004020979,0.0003335744,0.0001677199,0.0002183272,0.001631657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002616828,0.00009843073,0.0001048693,0.0001244758,0.0005333349,0.0001951401,0.0004077091,0.0003516487,0.0001675062],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001260648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001502685,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001129467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003561394,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999323,0.000008344357,0.000004002128,0.00002477889,0.00001375589,0.00001684102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997701,0.00005297164,0.00007606037,0.00004023495,0.00002530672,0.00003535348],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002706489,0.00004117265,0.1326641,0.00008454423,0.00004185937,0.0009952766,0.001418746,0.0001484061,0.8416807,0.0009402492,0.00007500583,0.02163939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009870313,0.0000964986,0.9851775,0.00001065549,0.0000164187,0.001594582,0.0003354089,0.0002320796,0.01114974,0.0002401139,0.001124299,0.00001285317],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990315,0.00009841001,0.0002634166,0.00001464881,0.000001156569,0.000001657439,0.00001846637,0.000009801171,0.0005607824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994286,0.00004048687,0.0002263409,0.000009116006,0.000001461811,0.000001434265,0.00002807689,0.000004007401,0.0002605198],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001631657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005458415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06982746200585918,"score_gpt":0.248212622529361,"score_spread":0.1783851605235018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}