{"id":"W2018384820","doi":"10.3390/e16084648","title":"Entropy Production in Pipeline Flow of Dispersions of Water in Oil","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Entropy","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Laminar flow; Entropy production; Turbulence; Thermodynamics; Emulsion; Newtonian fluid; Mechanics; Two-phase flow; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003538153,0.0002617085,0.000293856,0.0005465806,0.0002637335,0.0002766019,0.0001610111,0.0001745746,0.0005102375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007879298,0.0001702569,0.0002229123,0.0002956043,0.0005095063,0.000595356,0.0003404139,0.0002773844,0.00007580776],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004859739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000228369,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007718785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004497763,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998494,0.0000316383,0.000007729932,0.00002594283,0.00005500768,0.00003010297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995884,0.0001877251,0.0001203137,0.00001574664,0.00004836949,0.00003935255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005282427,0.00003817004,0.004950352,0.00004750194,0.000009361415,0.00009144492,0.0001078357,0.003838149,0.9854457,0.0002602602,0.00003325297,0.004649578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004118213,0.0009934085,0.02421822,0.000006257046,0.00002111844,0.0000641889,0.00005254481,0.02707354,0.9470136,0.00019666,0.000301421,0.00001780333],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986313,0.00005850228,0.00104572,0.00001018348,0.000001927415,0.000005176368,0.00003170589,0.00001711145,0.0001984847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993702,0.00004509671,0.0003711671,0.000001775343,0.000001909244,0.000003943138,0.00004616685,0.000005047922,0.0001547255],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007718785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003525972,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003389550985354647,"score_gpt":0.1777025775437085,"score_spread":0.1743130265583539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}