{"id":"W2018803201","doi":"10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00160-2","title":"Randomized trials versus observational studies in adolescent pregnancy prevention","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","topic":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Observational study; Randomized controlled trial; Medicine; Psychological intervention; CINAHL; PsycINFO; Pregnancy; MEDLINE; Family medicine; Psychiatry; Surgery; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gpt","categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","metaepi_broad"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"meta_analysis","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"grok","categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","metaepi_broad"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"meta_analysis","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"opus","categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","metaepi_broad"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"meta_analysis","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.1770054,0.000191645,0.007367685,0.0001289413,0.0001721783,9.952893e-7,0.0002116023,0.0004799194,0.0008701438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.4180903,0.0001115708,0.00108259,0.0001747701,0.0004860715,0.0001510685,0.00004963954,0.002277213,0.0001145771],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001482299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007974164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001204573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002022483,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8795796,0.1023109,0.01685805,0.000401983,0.0002808241,0.0005686444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6621632,0.3215996,0.01422607,0.0004697287,0.001097191,0.0004442509],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"randomized_trial","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.4769093,0.001945216,0.3827553,0.000774741,0.0008516642,0.00003201828,0.001006764,0.0004091212,0.000002331863,0.009457876,0.02192391,0.1039318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.3896682,0.001267016,0.5075793,0.005719026,0.0002546151,0.00001017788,0.0008609321,0.0001647545,6.55908e-7,0.07298058,0.02128543,0.0002093402],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9095352,0.02140174,0.001525789,0.04481123,0.01838167,0.002795219,0.000006712345,0.00002970165,0.00151268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7869185,0.1487844,0.01304187,0.01558077,0.02078501,0.0002140157,0.00002558165,0.00006459543,0.01458533],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2410849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9893484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.9380215926437274,"score_gpt":0.7360098352874899,"score_spread":0.2020117573562376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}