{"id":"W2019699694","doi":"10.3758/bf03206326","title":"Learning categories by making predictions: An investigation of indirect category learning","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Memory & Cognition","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Categorization; Psychology; Contrast (vision); Task (project management); Concept learning; Cognitive psychology; Social psychology; Developmental psychology; Artificial intelligence; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004713222,0.0001719106,0.00020193,0.0001881733,0.0003618875,0.0000382595,0.0000892304,0.0001356921,0.0003884715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000117141,0.0001881053,0.00005292728,0.0002833145,0.000129509,0.0002569994,0.00002656216,0.0005255062,0.0001315192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007554509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007516862,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001141874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001743791,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985116,0.0002869137,0.0003430592,0.0003749429,0.0002302252,0.0002533026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993594,0.0000630376,0.0002660346,0.0001156942,0.000123676,0.00007214156],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009676966,0.001176515,0.2336165,0.0004482273,0.0007600789,0.0001030947,0.2707813,0.01628959,0.2830529,0.006835517,0.002444115,0.1835244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004320619,0.002726432,0.884406,0.0008031224,0.0003371955,0.000151589,0.04368682,0.0002166612,0.04972406,0.008081049,0.00431797,0.001228436],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9856573,0.0002603308,0.0010841,0.0001288964,0.000325913,0.0002012308,0.000005366542,0.0003176038,0.01201924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979396,0.0000191754,0.0002825267,0.0001251354,0.0001647934,0.00004811416,0.0004895183,0.00003543375,0.000895735],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6507896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7670714,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02398441165633665,"score_gpt":0.2769450470626116,"score_spread":0.252960635406275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}