{"id":"W2021175582","doi":"10.5402/2011/656401","title":"True Stress-True Strain Models for Structural Steel Elements","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ISRN Civil Engineering","topic":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Uniaxial tension; Structural engineering; Strain hardening exponent; Deformation (meteorology); Stress (linguistics); Materials science; Tensile testing; Stress–strain curve; Tension (geology); Ultimate tensile strength; Constitutive equation; Hardening (computing); Finite element method; Composite material; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001257735,0.0004367419,0.0004045611,0.0002591815,0.00007721977,0.00006250712,0.0004063474,0.0001535508,0.0001805166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003793778,0.0004592804,0.0002165988,0.0002797864,0.00002064272,0.0003889236,0.00005801671,0.0002803147,0.00001256676],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001508941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001438567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005668378,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002767039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981112,0.000009351405,0.000486599,0.00037426,0.0002634466,0.0007551382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991668,0.00005856274,0.00005400731,0.0004756191,0.00006026481,0.0001847432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001362185,0.000008202283,0.000908953,0.0003290292,0.0004940211,0.00001029353,0.0008926553,0.9446536,0.04569363,0.003596258,0.0001401901,0.00325954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000593782,0.00003873441,0.005158538,0.00007605826,0.0001075036,0.000008208826,0.0001480456,0.9606659,0.03088554,0.001455658,0.0002101122,0.0006519186],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8731408,0.0006426108,0.115045,0.00001340236,0.001787214,0.0007699156,0.000774012,0.002318284,0.005508724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983646,0.00002011924,0.01571049,0.00001004921,0.0002235147,0.00007576322,0.00006977185,0.0001410778,0.0001032007],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1105052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997859,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02006348336976182,"score_gpt":0.2065473098449188,"score_spread":0.186483826475157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}