{"id":"W2021332829","doi":"10.1016/j.ejor.2011.06.011","title":"Models and algorithms to improve earthwork operations in road design using mixed integer linear programming","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Operational Research","topic":"BIM and Construction Integration","field":"Engineering","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Earthworks; Integer programming; Linear programming; Integer (computer science); Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Set (abstract data type); Process (computing); Linear model; Algorithm; Mathematics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001864656,0.00134271,0.001537667,0.001061084,0.0006268851,0.001739151,0.001896082,0.001637359,0.004355662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004641324,0.00116366,0.00129837,0.001252923,0.0007140488,0.002100053,0.001205355,0.001889679,0.0005612596],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001003624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00151606,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01004239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009637179,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991962,0.0003868537,0.00003312299,0.0001131441,0.0001796213,0.00009099476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976921,0.001658544,0.0001786641,0.00009460959,0.000314828,0.00006127522],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001769648,0.00003339175,0.00007604846,0.00001878685,0.000008622536,0.000005083063,0.000009021514,0.9875466,0.000102362,0.001782539,0.0002175271,0.01018242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002924645,0.000005930287,0.000007361263,0.000001956655,0.000002023197,7.748066e-7,0.000002474362,0.9990646,0.00006996879,0.0007626181,0.00007830619,9.764052e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01246002,0.0001653134,0.9844655,0.0001483059,0.00004476855,0.00004829724,0.00005634438,0.0002756668,0.00233581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3465164,0.0002669109,0.6477633,0.0001226653,0.00006564546,0.0004209012,0.0002644469,0.0002144419,0.004365206],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01004239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01996791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1680866997214263,"score_gpt":0.3352637438034483,"score_spread":0.1671770440820219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}