{"id":"W2022640483","doi":"10.1103/physreve.73.016404","title":"Excitation of Mach cones and energy dissipation by charged particles moving over two-dimensional strongly coupled dusty plasmas","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Dusty plasma; Dissipation; Plasma; Physics; Charged particle; Mach number; Excited state; Atomic physics; Excitation; Coupling parameter; Particle (ecology); Plasma parameters; Coupling (piping); Mechanics; Ion; Materials science; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008457198,0.0001390918,0.0002946461,0.00001486582,0.00005647229,0.00001728171,0.00004750304,0.00001113474,0.0001496787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007386556,0.0001172421,0.00007348062,0.00009699122,0.00004789966,0.0001415065,0.00002574139,0.00006155763,0.00000826589],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009419135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001641283,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003442967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004484998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991672,0.00005510434,0.0002515863,0.0001852742,0.0001798501,0.0001609636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994729,0.00014216,0.000169902,0.0001032828,0.00005337998,0.00005838831],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001122957,0.001775871,0.06174381,0.0009436061,0.0002385505,0.000001149258,0.0001805951,0.001089417,0.2545705,0.6036593,0.008110272,0.06757458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007141921,0.0004532055,0.1401673,0.002905705,0.001065304,0.000001746794,0.0001072401,0.5840238,0.05402262,0.1904201,0.01755448,0.002136706],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963555,0.001686493,0.0004412876,0.0001227767,0.0000320832,0.0001025885,0.0000675762,0.00001218499,0.001179531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991917,0.00004341542,0.00007912582,0.00003802235,0.0001787841,0.00003034978,0.0002987822,0.00001171444,0.0001280811],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5829344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4780993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009452604167919583,"score_gpt":0.2645399158075798,"score_spread":0.2550873116396602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}