{"id":"W2023138051","doi":"10.1097/00013644-200112000-00002","title":"Is It Real or Is It an Artifact","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasound Quarterly","topic":"Ultrasound in Clinical Applications","field":"Medicine","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; St. Paul's Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Artifact (error); Medicine; Modality (human–computer interaction); Artificial intelligence; Grayscale; Computer vision; Radiology; Computer science; Image (mathematics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003615447,0.0003525795,0.0005202573,0.00010991,0.0002304174,0.0001288573,0.0003359468,0.0003061341,0.02623289],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002413529,0.0002796586,0.0002504209,0.0005132374,0.0002425747,0.0003444313,0.000009029644,0.0004857054,0.005540986],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001073081,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001866107,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004464549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004393076,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970893,0.00006839187,0.0008523073,0.0007980926,0.0005601456,0.0006317602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961852,0.001421892,0.0001811271,0.001380856,0.0002145299,0.000616419],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002310956,0.006545922,0.1975268,0.0001764498,0.000785349,0.0002038849,0.06539548,0.000001706328,0.07900557,0.002306785,0.5823209,0.06342015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004038568,0.009327452,0.1950285,0.0001598109,0.0005777316,0.001665279,0.01628517,0.0001428888,0.001734841,0.006446951,0.7634443,0.001148555],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9365692,0.00002094938,0.001043473,0.01591174,0.0001945404,0.0006415524,0.0001098497,0.0002294797,0.04527924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9411524,0.0003096425,0.003688372,0.01971783,0.0008228454,0.00008727969,0.00019063,0.00007134953,0.03395964],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1811234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999655,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08860504453916343,"score_gpt":0.3952635810595866,"score_spread":0.3066585365204232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}