{"id":"W2023643744","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2011.568579","title":"Minimal Risk Remains an Open Question","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"The American Journal of Bioethics","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Medicine; Epistemology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.03023117,0.0003431487,0.001375236,0.0002965987,0.0002433696,0.0001620012,0.003174771,0.00130171,0.0001646471],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02277935,0.0002043402,0.0003713005,0.0004657019,0.007005327,0.00017551,0.0006326,0.04432146,0.00007527621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002108801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003330618,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002089469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000293428,"domain_scores_codex":[0.991473,0.003628848,0.001386416,0.0004167841,0.002541884,0.0005531214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9767963,0.01432774,0.004001272,0.001698474,0.002781857,0.000394347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.009198657,0.000873592,0.005243059,0.0006223102,0.002201302,0.005580795,0.005449854,0.000003972127,0.0003268868,0.007600308,0.9154934,0.04740585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003135176,0.0694164,0.01279397,0.006131682,0.003541406,0.004955381,0.003408657,0.00006307358,0.0005811357,0.2126867,0.6820078,0.001278622],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.02896418,0.000220031,0.0003742843,0.966277,0.0005638929,0.0004571344,0.00004964961,0.00002136748,0.003072463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02147229,0.01327824,0.02097875,0.9266046,0.01268697,0.00000886772,0.00003409051,0.0001950868,0.00474113],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2334856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999948,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5418082674353776,"score_gpt":0.5873472600596066,"score_spread":0.045538992624229,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}