{"id":"W2023684619","doi":"10.1086/521138","title":"The Gemini Deep Deep Survey. VIII. When Did Early‐Type Galaxies Form?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Redshift; Universe; Astronomy; Advanced Camera for Surveys; Stellar mass; Hubble Deep Field; Star formation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004395939,0.0002797668,0.0001644841,0.001030703,0.0002615307,0.000639897,0.0003056492,0.0003394296,0.00188367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008318286,0.0001421659,0.0001495267,0.00115185,0.0001547247,0.0006653497,0.0004932019,0.000377565,0.001499758],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007049752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001739927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01138159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02638853,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998822,0.00001405087,0.00000641273,0.00003788839,0.00002658791,0.00003278176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994955,0.00002848243,0.0001619674,0.00007910376,0.00007677764,0.0001582407],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003590884,0.00006719094,0.8862526,0.0001505962,0.0000644795,0.0001771103,0.0008431836,0.0002211636,0.007133644,0.001420565,0.04294336,0.06036698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006370739,0.00001541823,0.9725292,0.00001264478,0.00001302991,0.00009062659,0.0001681995,0.0002199438,0.0009465318,0.0002907209,0.02570147,0.00000568207],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8560519,0.003476938,0.002703723,0.002308497,0.0001687518,0.00007442672,0.1163933,0.0004901686,0.01833222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9276366,0.001008553,0.005144349,0.000500215,0.0001591622,0.00004478819,0.05543502,0.000119003,0.009952276],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01138159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02263069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009422601183642071,"score_gpt":0.2224329563559253,"score_spread":0.2130103551722832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}