{"id":"W2023828423","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2007.11.050","title":"Paradigms in isotope dilution mass spectrometry for elemental speciation analysis","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Analytica Chimica Acta","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Isotope dilution; Chemistry; Mass spectrometry; Isotope; Dilution; Genetic algorithm; Accelerator mass spectrometry; Isotope-ratio mass spectrometry; Isotope analysis; Environmental chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chromatography; Geology; Nuclear physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00862221,0.002830051,0.004353122,0.005100963,0.0008855433,0.003233662,0.006189821,0.004584702,0.003448267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004912944,0.001098704,0.001434828,0.008210924,0.005546615,0.006552791,0.002828448,0.007143794,0.004191347],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002977588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002545581,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002887634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003108184,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980546,0.000368655,0.0001628935,0.0005380822,0.0007951574,0.00008067767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961957,0.002275311,0.0001922936,0.0002509836,0.0009633554,0.0001224339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001412786,0.0001937689,0.0004428707,0.01460489,0.000219942,0.0004215985,0.0001849127,0.001750357,0.01057057,0.0778842,0.02863535,0.8649502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002833556,0.0001031254,0.0004869791,0.001646807,0.0001062728,0.00141397,0.0001028812,0.0008677029,0.005495216,0.03835234,0.9512978,0.00009861205],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001656141,0.9848667,0.01062214,0.001004346,0.0006240108,0.00001793122,0.00005396391,0.00004028596,0.002604992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001731777,0.9793408,0.01464024,0.001064963,0.0009880667,0.0000512192,0.000111988,0.00002442253,0.002046592],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00862221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04559916,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02137901407766364,"score_gpt":0.2933612509870289,"score_spread":0.2719822369093652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}