{"id":"W2024612190","doi":"10.1350/clwr.2010.39.1.0195","title":"Speech, Equality, and Citizenship in Canada","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Common Law World Review","topic":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Hatred; Xenophobia; Human rights; Racism; Law; Incitement; Terrorism; Sociology; Sedition; Criticism; Political science; Criminology; Citizenship; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005760589,0.0001157584,0.0002693959,0.00003843911,0.00007502195,0.0000724569,0.0004578385,0.00002243501,0.00005949155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026023,0.0001029634,0.00003092743,0.0004623691,0.00003565762,0.0001128114,0.0001853817,0.0003639749,0.00002263272],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005487728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001576197,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4615484,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9912755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989268,0.0001202702,0.0002799866,0.0002515232,0.0001888389,0.0002326345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991366,0.00009332119,0.0000686656,0.000552494,0.00002536294,0.0001236096],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001591884,0.00001616426,0.004020906,0.0009207891,0.000008071606,0.0001106302,0.00001621179,3.861844e-7,0.0002346652,0.5523643,0.007254458,0.4350518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003469062,0.00002562404,0.008383934,0.002468746,0.00001633876,0.0001875554,0.000003057013,0.0003955606,0.001835575,0.02519576,0.9605859,0.0005550366],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2202826,0.1916472,0.001712423,0.05844342,0.006891911,0.003101333,0.00001762385,0.0007089598,0.5171944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9839645,0.004367894,0.002883805,0.008110885,0.0000583507,0.00001927207,0.000002020807,0.000009885784,0.0005833966],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9533315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5420372,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0196173076129582,"score_gpt":0.2594465348620054,"score_spread":0.2398292272490471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}