{"id":"W2025029292","doi":"10.2118/64733-ms","title":"Why Oilwells Leak: Cement Behavior and Long-Term Consequences","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition in China","topic":"Drilling and Well Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":135,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Casing; Shrinkage; Cement; Petroleum engineering; Leak; Permeability (electromagnetism); Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Geology; Waste management; Composite material; Engineering; Chemistry; Environmental engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005258332,0.0001082244,0.00009741975,0.00007357467,0.0000327266,0.00009145411,0.00004218928,0.00004319494,0.0002868943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002794983,0.0001058971,0.00001292178,0.00003084795,0.0000694536,0.0001610603,0.00001141971,0.00009609481,0.000005292445],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001423362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004812133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008199509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009478674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995012,0.000006474671,0.0001464606,0.0001432028,0.00008989829,0.0001127695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998609,0.00001657352,0.00001188451,0.00004139457,0.00001553252,0.00005370406],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000392705,0.0000779645,0.0490501,0.0002222381,0.00005420075,0.0001157485,0.001531494,0.007670274,0.005085662,0.003117693,0.0003663148,0.932669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006214112,0.0003987543,0.7369598,0.0036043,0.0001317572,0.001021244,0.0004053203,0.1983297,0.01267079,0.01150274,0.0262445,0.002516963],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9915295,0.0004250412,0.0003202482,0.0006867559,0.0001603527,0.00002223251,0.0000138876,0.00005207792,0.006789862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913244,0.008002589,0.00006087623,0.0000921677,0.00005218626,0.00001812612,0.00002374664,0.000007326764,0.0004185523],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9301521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4318357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01250809573790222,"score_gpt":0.2295711854227603,"score_spread":0.2170630896848581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}