{"id":"W2025095191","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.12.046","title":"Composting toilets a misnomer: Excessive ammonia from urine inhibits microbial activity yet is insufficient in sanitizing the end-product","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Management","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Park Service; Mountain Equipment Co-operative; Parks Canada; American Alpine Club","keywords":"Misnomer; Ammonia; Chemistry; Waste management; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Engineering; Biochemistry; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041936,0.0007298375,0.0005018674,0.0003315728,0.0004044996,0.001233826,0.0003924164,0.001229285,0.001165505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005325596,0.0002445819,0.0003112894,0.0002033643,0.0006066721,0.000795058,0.0004049138,0.0005540678,0.0004476488],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004596701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000630411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008377889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002068773,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995391,0.00008377289,0.00003233964,0.00007700406,0.0001964422,0.00007137274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996099,0.00005091819,0.0001016062,0.0000449745,0.00009864331,0.00009392757],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000353314,0.00005015258,0.001678633,0.00007807137,0.00001758298,0.0002513276,0.00002151421,0.0001760863,0.9880939,0.0001909562,0.0003416637,0.008746798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008125849,0.0003091425,0.002368331,0.000007849553,0.00002150647,0.0006028439,0.00006268935,0.0005935529,0.9935499,0.0001651788,0.002302176,0.000008589674],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835483,0.001955719,0.007597344,0.001500557,0.000403482,0.00003126885,0.0001162022,0.0005709316,0.004276295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987092,0.0007245632,0.006356185,0.0002679593,0.00008231431,0.00000991364,0.00008440548,0.00004470702,0.005337886],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001233826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003899038,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005918277231077539,"score_gpt":0.1803102034089025,"score_spread":0.174391926177825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}