{"id":"W2025095191","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.12.046","title":"Composting toilets a misnomer: Excessive ammonia from urine inhibits microbial activity yet is insufficient in sanitizing the end-product","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Management","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Park Service; Mountain Equipment Co-operative; Parks Canada; American Alpine Club","keywords":"Misnomer; Ammonia; Chemistry; Waste management; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Engineering; Biochemistry; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002432942,0.000271027,0.0002750401,0.00009494829,0.0001723434,0.00009511577,0.0004505758,0.00004032592,0.002674416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005152757,0.0001828708,0.0001263052,0.0001423655,0.0002230361,0.00046613,0.0007326285,0.0002799601,0.0004825855],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005974976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003709212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005426925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006216204,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981101,0.0001124229,0.0005013924,0.0003523375,0.0005411864,0.0003825394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999082,0.00005579481,0.0004284815,0.0003183828,0.000002838683,0.0001125583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001644297,0.002708702,0.1562935,0.00002382077,0.0002897207,0.0004319571,0.003604986,0.00179555,0.7709404,0.000004131428,0.004700349,0.05904246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002203337,0.0002262578,0.8972986,0.0001394824,0.0001083609,0.00007153047,0.001093813,0.0001280938,0.09366802,0.0001206776,0.004588943,0.0003528603],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959228,0.0001828594,0.000009759859,0.001855729,0.0002565492,0.0005212368,0.00001895763,0.000007506831,0.001224581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975808,0.000177399,0.001164052,0.0003378795,0.00009509715,0.00001601299,0.0000056419,0.00002213265,0.0006009646],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7410051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982373,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005918277231077539,"score_gpt":0.1803102034089025,"score_spread":0.174391926177825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}