{"id":"W2025381138","doi":"10.1080/00927870601042134","title":"Characterizations of QF Rings","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications in Algebra","topic":"Rings, Modules, and Algebras","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Annihilator; Mathematics; Radical of a ring; Ring (chemistry); Ideal (ethics); Complement (music); Primitive ring; Injective function; Noetherian ring; Principal ideal ring; Noetherian; Injective module; Reduced ring; Pure mathematics; Von Neumann regular ring; Combinatorics; Commutative ring; Algebra over a field; Finitely-generated abelian group; Chemistry; Commutative property","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002490889,0.0001060366,0.0002055408,0.0001855911,0.0001148863,0.00002206786,0.0008639309,0.00006434911,0.00006830833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000196622,0.0001133882,0.00006006253,0.0003897592,0.000191684,0.0001509125,0.0002687737,0.0001712752,0.0000311845],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003836743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003399065,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001055572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002250048,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990097,0.00008121436,0.0005002462,0.000132016,0.0001180323,0.0001587401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975992,0.0003424635,0.0001975808,0.001753623,0.00008271595,0.0000244205],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001833926,0.0003913418,0.01352955,0.00003490714,0.00000883271,3.753773e-7,0.000348147,0.000002961557,0.002662807,0.9812278,0.0007241763,0.001067288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005024506,0.00001900012,0.1360288,0.0001728017,0.0000283887,0.000005966386,0.0001488905,0.0005665065,0.005056189,0.8458178,0.01138522,0.0002679856],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9636839,0.0003989841,0.00215737,0.001298302,0.00006500446,0.0002658775,0.00001695194,0.0001130977,0.03200053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9714296,0.0001566787,0.02757193,0.0000461961,0.00003380937,0.00005051504,0.00005467596,0.00002353931,0.0006330918],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.13541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4623835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05316991440449124,"score_gpt":0.3125438590022462,"score_spread":0.259373944597755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}