{"id":"W2025456009","doi":"10.1002/ps.1219","title":"Detection of resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors in weeds with emphasis on DNA‐based techniques: a review","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Pest Management Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Acetolactate synthase; Biology; Polymerase chain reaction; Genetics; DNA; Bioassay; DNA sequencing; Biotechnology; Computational biology; Gene; Pesticide resistance; Herbicide resistance; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Agronomy; Pesticide","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000877042,0.0002987851,0.0007317656,0.000213582,0.0001777961,0.00006086372,0.0007926199,0.00006573225,0.00001903819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003686248,0.0001192474,0.0001442737,0.004578026,0.0001669948,0.0001177515,0.00009435341,0.0001462356,0.00003188838],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001921225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003360037,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002876611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001767564,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997689,0.0000746622,0.0005701261,0.0007327113,0.0005727395,0.0003607252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990706,0.0001170719,0.0003847746,0.0002534395,0.00007540375,0.00009864131],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010412,0.0001044776,0.000002857975,0.003764883,0.000005139921,0.000005360102,0.000002237457,0.000001577623,0.0007697897,0.0001423098,0.000222037,0.9949689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005086249,0.0001658481,0.0006575213,0.02725979,0.0001472723,8.969876e-7,0.000007844737,0.000002138628,0.0002391307,0.00001962015,0.9711716,0.0002774777],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004592342,0.983277,0.0001047927,0.001454376,0.00005183427,0.005166481,0.00004890742,0.0001445609,0.009292823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01070487,0.9852552,0.0006395113,0.0004981816,0.00007402946,0.002149138,0.00003050873,0.000004966026,0.0006435457],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9946914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4862768,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02074176571490086,"score_gpt":0.2788705274310136,"score_spread":0.2581287617161128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}