{"id":"W2025739538","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2012.02.065","title":"A new definition of bed expansion index and voidage for fluidized biofilm-coated particles","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Fluidized bed; Expansion ratio; Drag; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Biofilm; Fluidization; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Geology; Physics; Turbulence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001879302,0.001587006,0.001645161,0.003502749,0.0005370383,0.00242364,0.001777486,0.001476447,0.00064852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004707544,0.0004729358,0.0008346905,0.001447909,0.002111091,0.005036651,0.00195772,0.001964779,0.0003818505],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001032058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000583569,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005675107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005353681,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976814,0.0002696852,0.0002881981,0.0004908457,0.001105515,0.0001643829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969577,0.001151742,0.0005658025,0.0002991336,0.0007672315,0.0002583895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005315143,0.0009284599,0.01430564,0.0008278473,0.0002405015,0.0009983245,0.0007963931,0.07030439,0.4617316,0.2245373,0.004432637,0.2203654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003472884,0.000481066,0.009932573,0.0000888442,0.0001287626,0.001129742,0.0001614056,0.848013,0.08988269,0.03723067,0.01255407,0.000362424],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05355212,0.003113453,0.9366741,0.0002098916,0.0004534441,0.00009119486,0.0001767889,0.0008766107,0.004852463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6705301,0.001652378,0.3225789,0.0003165003,0.0009074837,0.0002606924,0.00039204,0.0004205558,0.002941203],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003502749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009938836,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01396149374857564,"score_gpt":0.2039843177482091,"score_spread":0.1900228239996335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}