{"id":"W2025861764","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0805132106","title":"Nonequilibrium scale selection mechanism for columnar jointing","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":125,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Scaling; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Cracking; Materials science; Mechanics; Scale (ratio); Geometry; Physics; Composite material; Mathematics; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005405386,0.00006219564,0.0001019897,0.0001341006,0.0001379941,0.00001957508,0.0003316475,0.00007779706,8.950515e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002798721,0.00004783494,0.0000474302,0.0005011961,0.0001255101,0.0002325767,0.00002502354,0.00009819464,3.89001e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002626711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006874866,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001314308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.837013e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992045,7.737027e-7,0.0001849831,0.0001114857,0.0003647765,0.0001335354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996666,0.00004006227,0.0001071132,0.000004113278,0.0001715547,0.00001058028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003719815,0.00001083799,0.0003419952,0.00006000884,0.000005645429,4.023032e-10,0.0001176507,0.002028056,0.9071762,0.08769231,0.001196289,0.001367299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006368924,0.0000474185,0.00303183,0.00005511542,0.00000494284,0.000003188486,0.00006989305,0.05760416,0.8229071,0.1161269,0.00003500902,0.00005077618],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923698,0.00001680139,0.0003028652,0.002171186,0.00003527313,0.0001732493,0.000003612743,0.000210269,0.004716999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881417,0.000005662857,0.0116535,0.00008648125,0.00005013794,0.000005595845,3.124995e-8,0.00000345491,0.00005343579],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0842691,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1950652,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02585775791231662,"score_gpt":0.2653507320149449,"score_spread":0.2394929741026283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}