{"id":"W2025941465","doi":"10.1016/s0749-6419(99)00069-8","title":"The numerical simulation of stretch flange forming","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Plasticity","topic":"Metal Forming Simulation Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Flange; Formability; Structural engineering; Forming limit diagram; Materials science; Finite element method; Yield (engineering); Quadratic equation; Mechanics; Engineering; Composite material; Geometry; Mathematics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001624118,0.00006279623,0.0001042143,0.00006966738,0.00002580384,0.00002368428,0.0002383347,0.00003344385,0.0002774213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001836584,0.00004527545,0.00007398744,0.0000588339,0.00002323378,0.0002025506,0.000009970462,0.0001258445,0.000007845651],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005926582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001277793,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004799105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001732724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990721,0.00001468153,0.0004209606,0.00003403447,0.0003825104,0.00007574322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991263,0.0004449725,0.0001262327,0.00004385591,0.0002274056,0.00003123677],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001076767,0.00002716674,0.002286468,0.000008136795,0.0001323902,0.000007875045,0.0001634597,0.8758809,0.001668418,0.0008631067,0.0002126343,0.1186418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000315191,0.00007270449,0.007882895,0.00006710901,0.00001968155,0.00003096709,0.0000145826,0.9622722,0.01757025,0.002923376,0.008745501,0.00008549431],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.947447,0.00004414273,0.05119177,0.00003396009,0.0003617628,0.00003377795,0.000007333714,0.00003062826,0.0008496031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986287,0.00003426598,0.001118839,0.000008477477,0.0001662213,5.665022e-7,0.000001196044,0.000008241724,0.00003348817],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1185563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3037569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01135404090157373,"score_gpt":0.2736932925108221,"score_spread":0.2623392516092484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}