{"id":"W2026027171","doi":"10.1115/imece2003-41897","title":"Pulse-Width Modulation Control of a Pneumatic Positioning System","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pulse-width modulation; Solenoid valve; Modulation (music); Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Solenoid; Control valves; Engineering; Electronic engineering; Control (management); Control engineering; Electrical engineering; Voltage; Physics; Acoustics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005125726,0.00020667,0.0003090252,0.0001750912,0.0002440734,0.0004100667,0.0005788066,0.0004476153,0.001520392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00136255,0.0001182844,0.00009277982,0.0001943569,0.0004330165,0.0005965789,0.0002700756,0.0003006806,0.0002011447],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002246919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001991601,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000341196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002099165,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994482,0.00007748928,0.00002872942,0.00008037311,0.0003256906,0.00003946451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994955,0.0002212367,0.00005202987,0.00005885179,0.0001406222,0.00003170916],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005662206,0.0001709809,0.0006427945,0.0003478119,0.0000131202,0.0002624931,0.0002726255,0.003369063,0.8782598,0.004470388,0.0004456493,0.1111791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002687366,0.003111395,0.004902985,0.00003250164,0.00002899367,0.0006465836,0.00005297958,0.07451586,0.9001499,0.001645135,0.01459674,0.00004823588],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7079032,0.0007386972,0.2747201,0.0003183207,0.0003416779,0.0003398607,0.00013059,0.001123279,0.01438419],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.966038,0.0001457454,0.03129829,0.00004543655,0.00003580362,0.00005753466,0.00003182769,0.00001885794,0.002328462],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001520392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005086243,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005797253932489185,"score_gpt":0.178677419333144,"score_spread":0.1728801654006548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}