{"id":"W2026136896","doi":"10.1177/019791830003400404","title":"The Role of Ghanaian Immigrant Associations in Toronto, Canada","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Migration Review","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Residence; Immigration; Homeland; Settlement (finance); Ethnic group; Politics; Variety (cybernetics); Economic growth; Demographic economics; Socioeconomics; Political science; Geography; Sociology; Business; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005489041,0.00005881623,0.0001108274,0.00001380152,0.0001590738,0.00003271434,0.0002623459,0.0000299917,0.002868926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002752186,0.00004706257,0.00005237885,0.0001687661,0.00003847662,0.0001556012,0.00000590917,0.00005637562,0.00001177697],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006456067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004586024,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9443195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9997451,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987837,0.000164512,0.0003850652,0.00009272137,0.000457477,0.0001164886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999392,0.0001281416,0.0001404912,0.00009940468,0.0002002781,0.00003963507],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001288684,0.0001153154,0.01477257,0.00003743414,0.00007207033,0.00000174126,0.007227227,0.0001545312,0.00004491046,0.3808289,0.02661371,0.5701187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005548651,0.000003388416,0.007565164,0.0001389492,0.000006380656,2.080615e-7,0.001588643,0.000724001,0.000005801483,0.0003560963,0.9894998,0.00005604988],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.131205,0.1900651,0.00004445761,0.1279212,0.001363975,0.00186504,0.0003970424,0.0000772261,0.547061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7714002,0.2179877,0.00005129296,0.001520523,0.0001040492,0.00005012062,0.00008847525,0.000005808519,0.008791761],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9628861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980426,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005968408136131144,"score_gpt":0.2904290492693319,"score_spread":0.2844606411332008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}