{"id":"W2026448230","doi":"10.1179/136217101101538541","title":"Microresistance spot welding of Kovar, steel, and nickel","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Spot welding; Welding; Materials science; Electric resistance welding; Electrode; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Gas metal arc welding; Nickel; Composite material; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005730414,0.0001201572,0.0002554479,0.0007792879,0.0001601546,0.00001663352,0.000279556,0.00008890171,0.000005510435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001933052,0.0001250372,0.00002238702,0.00184838,0.001016727,0.0003058934,0.0001398843,0.0001557397,4.142449e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003296927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001954058,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008386023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004515707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989538,0.000004785329,0.000280095,0.0002673755,0.0001816237,0.0003123324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994435,0.00004574332,0.00009453042,0.0002592498,0.0001092521,0.00004768751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006448087,0.00001030483,0.04828222,0.00005687701,0.00002111158,0.000008993424,0.0001738238,0.0008556032,0.900315,0.01214758,0.00002578771,0.03809626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002815672,0.0001011193,0.00316417,0.0002899464,0.00003277665,0.00009466837,0.001135633,0.006995944,0.9776572,0.009098703,0.0008710204,0.0002772742],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.979451,0.001383485,0.01739846,0.0002552936,0.00004190025,0.00005945914,9.387276e-7,0.0003191005,0.001090376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9360134,0.000644495,0.06329621,0.00001117412,0.000006291466,0.000003404964,1.042424e-7,0.00001079141,0.00001413618],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07734219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.509887,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007531613797238525,"score_gpt":0.2305422496005341,"score_spread":0.2230106358032956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}