{"id":"W2026506545","doi":"10.1007/s10278-006-0860-9","title":"Fractal Analysis of Contours of Breast Masses in Mammograms","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Digital Imaging","topic":"AI in cancer detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":185,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale","keywords":"Mammography; Fractal; Radiology; Computer vision; Medicine; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Breast cancer; Mathematics; Internal medicine; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002130227,0.00007822261,0.0003116056,0.0006871421,0.0000113865,0.0001288752,0.0003554816,0.00001823171,0.000004726598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002449158,0.00007094016,0.0002160315,0.001179755,0.00005688622,0.001933635,0.00006177356,0.0001135603,3.800698e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008027457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005920472,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001234965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002756249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987975,0.00001805374,0.0005894039,0.0001024888,0.0003577564,0.000134793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987934,0.00008136022,0.0007071318,0.0001537373,0.0002290657,0.00003525327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002924769,0.0002021147,0.8468488,0.00001666911,0.0002049545,0.00006630056,0.0001811804,0.005310346,0.003912702,0.0002713535,0.0001122485,0.1428441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001006985,0.0001513655,0.9190213,0.0001971967,0.0002459055,0.0005184018,0.0003198856,0.06448039,0.009395696,0.004148571,0.0002597497,0.0002545607],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8033702,0.0002831141,0.1934094,0.0003706316,0.0001824381,0.0000319678,0.00001031111,0.00001043565,0.002331553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967542,0.000003793917,0.00316542,0.00001070815,0.00004890712,2.63934e-7,7.40794e-7,0.000004548368,0.00001136304],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1933841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2892856,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005110840688967574,"score_gpt":0.2322484426685401,"score_spread":0.2271376019795725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}