{"id":"W2026845771","doi":"10.1002/2014wr015845","title":"Influence of surfactants on unsaturated water flow and solute transport","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Resources Research","topic":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pulmonary surfactant; Percolation (cognitive psychology); Water flow; Hydraulic conductivity; Soil water; Adsorption; Water transport; Sorption; Chemistry; Surface tension; Volumetric flow rate; Vadose zone; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Soil science; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007341377,0.0001698741,0.0002213582,0.0002499613,0.00007500094,0.00004227606,0.0002390504,0.0001522214,0.00002950232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001931357,0.00009728196,0.00003018751,0.0002097106,0.0001742272,0.0001411626,0.00005123276,0.0004975467,0.00014134],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004019257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001033989,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001890708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002653552,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981066,0.00009865916,0.0002413702,0.0002395987,0.0006370708,0.0006767068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992107,0.00004029534,0.000006833945,0.0002833789,0.0002228653,0.0002358972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008987264,0.0000966669,0.01043252,0.0003752667,0.0001982641,0.0002378848,0.04326594,0.4769137,0.4614896,0.00001016146,0.00133855,0.004742688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001324746,0.0003454734,0.01500292,0.0001445895,0.00001237095,0.00001789692,0.0003605676,0.02985058,0.9182086,0.0002179328,0.03411687,0.0003974661],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971684,0.0001439569,0.00000324429,0.0001194502,0.00005445805,0.0001542768,0.00001469051,0.0001213662,0.002220188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990574,0.00004865967,0.00004514696,0.00001352834,0.0000461701,0.0000105391,0.00002700037,0.0000388043,0.0007127524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.456719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3967043,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04240000369829555,"score_gpt":0.2723278665474382,"score_spread":0.2299278628491427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}