{"id":"W2027121275","doi":"10.1016/s0002-9610(02)01404-6","title":"A debate on the value and necessity of clinical trials in surgery","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Surgery","topic":"Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes","field":"Medicine","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Randomized controlled trial; Clinical trial; Medicine; Intensive care medicine; Value (mathematics); Medical physics; General surgery; Surgery; Computer science; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.5765239,0.002298374,0.01357113,0.006858408,0.009550135,0.02658372,0.01336837,0.1268604,0.008979528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.7243621,0.00426788,0.006015425,0.006106153,0.1180985,0.05664062,0.01420348,0.1025575,0.002649341],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01508572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0279985,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005234947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005963253,"domain_scores_codex":[0.5733424,0.2971326,0.03738115,0.01991986,0.06701142,0.005212561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.07857893,0.8633561,0.01325205,0.01311501,0.02235835,0.009339601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002252745,0.0002997439,0.002339665,0.004465801,0.001317497,0.0003953401,0.002894509,0.001171917,0.0006309843,0.6968887,0.224349,0.06299402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005412848,0.0006950629,0.002374746,0.01545584,0.001074517,0.0005435803,0.001666849,0.002321347,0.0006579423,0.7115408,0.2577962,0.0004603242],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007957118,0.01994595,0.003039029,0.9653707,0.007147208,0.00009562588,0.00008571522,0.00003786074,0.003482203],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05430176,0.008630767,0.01045072,0.8831809,0.04176218,0.0005340864,0.00007228075,0.0001098759,0.0009574058],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4234761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5222214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2091601916583987,"score_gpt":0.4192372533026311,"score_spread":0.2100770616442323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}