{"id":"W2027277182","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2004.02.010","title":"Incipient coke formation during heating of heavy hydrocarbons","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Syncrude (Canada); University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Syncrude","keywords":"Toluene; Coke; Asphaltene; Chemistry; Isothermal process; Distillation; Heptane; Chemical engineering; Refining (metallurgy); Solvent; Batch reactor; Organic chemistry; Thermodynamics; Catalysis; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004692584,0.00006539423,0.0001121389,0.00004392187,0.00007098781,0.00001423314,0.00007262755,0.00003961629,0.00002814155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003066718,0.0000639853,0.00005901985,0.0001061318,0.00001815212,0.00009537165,0.00002374903,0.00007588135,0.000008530947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007233938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002499418,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009183728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001624224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994431,0.000002894499,0.0001926345,0.0000941619,0.0001412688,0.0001259976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997116,0.000007752179,0.00009849709,0.0001272506,0.00001853808,0.00003641288],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001994499,0.0001091519,0.002595126,0.0007055139,0.00003949176,0.000005130022,0.001498936,0.002441618,0.9905223,0.00009990243,0.000004826687,0.001958028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007764993,0.0000116796,0.0005930053,0.0003401677,0.00004418746,0.0000147008,0.0005169905,0.002536748,0.9941855,0.0006173025,0.0002181285,0.0001451034],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9656043,0.0002397284,0.000287753,0.00006806714,0.00001212595,0.000002416758,0.000003770072,0.00005032647,0.03373151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989392,0.00001274098,0.0003216044,0.00001548946,0.0000533216,0.000003858121,0.0000134336,0.000007026819,0.0006333112],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03333491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2609245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008732526485211363,"score_gpt":0.224297407197232,"score_spread":0.2155648807120207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}