{"id":"W2027277182","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2004.02.010","title":"Incipient coke formation during heating of heavy hydrocarbons","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Syncrude (Canada); University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Syncrude","keywords":"Toluene; Coke; Asphaltene; Chemistry; Isothermal process; Distillation; Heptane; Chemical engineering; Refining (metallurgy); Solvent; Batch reactor; Organic chemistry; Thermodynamics; Catalysis; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001559891,0.0002671202,0.0003080501,0.0002799744,0.0004540616,0.0004074084,0.0002324367,0.0003438963,0.001119853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004177731,0.0002160769,0.0001232754,0.0001845835,0.0004131739,0.000508552,0.0002771708,0.0004373394,0.0002561295],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003924351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003062851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001434564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003051026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998462,0.00001322886,0.000004607826,0.00003592957,0.0000347415,0.00006524999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998306,0.00005871335,0.00002634457,0.00002446435,0.00003641932,0.00002333397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001114946,0.00004481889,0.002115682,0.00009533765,0.00001279582,0.0003093881,0.00019073,0.0002584404,0.9910506,0.0001799705,0.0001267765,0.004500691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005146659,0.00005359271,0.003383825,0.000002209181,0.000004650014,0.00008341405,0.00004906138,0.0005947558,0.9954304,0.00002794255,0.000362524,0.000002639274],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977624,0.0002615395,0.0007998431,0.00002143472,0.00001482128,0.000008107761,0.00005208182,0.00002642625,0.001053347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990515,0.00006250311,0.0001542325,0.000004597152,0.000002724687,0.000002705577,0.00005605944,0.000009579224,0.0006560414],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001434564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003746271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008732526485211363,"score_gpt":0.224297407197232,"score_spread":0.2155648807120207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}