{"id":"W2027359618","doi":"10.1680/gein.8.0184","title":"Liquid Flow Through Composite Liners due to Geomembrane Defects: Nonuniform Hydraulic Transmissivity at the Liner Interface","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geosynthetics International","topic":"Landfill Environmental Impact Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Geomembrane; Geosynthetics; Composite number; Flow (mathematics); Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Volumetric flow rate; Liquid flow; Materials science; Hydraulic head; Geology; Composite material; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009872816,0.0004479683,0.0004816237,0.0009037671,0.000239561,0.001149743,0.0004869298,0.0008197751,0.0006618655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003449525,0.0002933949,0.0003967261,0.0005618944,0.001047285,0.001465044,0.0005899995,0.0003261685,0.0001056903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009664771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002416587,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001509864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000860391,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996939,0.00007363634,0.00001724714,0.0000732727,0.00009704549,0.0000449942],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975182,0.001457829,0.0006540082,0.0001114679,0.0002109157,0.00004757565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001243678,0.000121158,0.02599102,0.0003250833,0.00004340834,0.001274578,0.000313017,0.5581168,0.3613578,0.0047153,0.0002178522,0.04628022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006470848,0.0002422913,0.005453076,0.00001524603,0.00003031267,0.0003243245,0.0001773274,0.8480136,0.1439858,0.001285632,0.0003598505,0.00004760991],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8172849,0.000296086,0.1809737,0.0000824259,0.00001405755,0.00004355174,0.00006843338,0.0002922555,0.0009445405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924189,0.000136135,0.006954204,0.000007938028,0.000004606691,0.00001278931,0.00002617897,0.0000110925,0.0004281081],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001509864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007012308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01119847369587474,"score_gpt":0.2509487275417479,"score_spread":0.2397502538458732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}