{"id":"W2027557128","doi":"10.1080/15567030802462622","title":"Soapnut Extract as a Natural Surfactant for Enhanced Oil Recovery","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Pulmonary surfactant; Surface tension; Enhanced oil recovery; Petroleum engineering; Fossil fuel; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Environmental science; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Geology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001202783,0.0003911602,0.0003484014,0.0001268189,0.0001486326,0.00008418565,0.0001248359,0.0002062453,0.00006196165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004904373,0.0004049753,0.0001579471,0.000116163,0.00005804448,0.0004905731,0.00002761773,0.0001441485,0.00001415077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001808611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001028897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006203801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001443588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985459,0.00005630365,0.0003252016,0.0004285188,0.0002139586,0.0004300702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999276,0.0002480127,0.00008959189,0.0002379649,0.000006661319,0.0001417238],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002292075,0.0001160612,0.00004919697,0.0001224682,0.00008708968,0.000007221872,0.0001487392,0.01180635,0.2398258,0.0001692559,0.001050829,0.7463878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001053549,0.0009580505,0.0009606412,0.0002315783,0.00005812855,0.0000276275,0.00006622604,0.02392784,0.8881529,0.001953146,0.08173219,0.0008781296],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9596051,0.00537492,0.02814093,0.00002614582,0.0008039153,0.0002305153,0.00003766288,0.0006559369,0.005124874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847814,0.01057327,0.001020145,0.0004861566,0.0001339361,0.0001148954,0.0003098641,0.00006928542,0.002511078],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7455097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005489130394666321,"score_gpt":0.2039850052386962,"score_spread":0.1984958748440299,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}