{"id":"W2028122081","doi":"10.1177/0539018412437110","title":"‘Legalization’ in international relations: A conceptual analysis","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Information","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Legalization; Operationalization; Obligation; International relations; Political science; Politics; Law and economics; Independence (probability theory); Sociology; Law; Public administration; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006234066,0.00006299093,0.00006773017,0.0009139261,0.0002816384,0.0003690689,0.0002106722,0.00003463797,0.001345243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001929349,0.00006232337,0.00004813371,0.002413903,0.0001873299,0.01980343,0.00005570691,0.00006187485,0.000946863],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001745175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003683312,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001737817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002952804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989961,0.00000466091,0.0002875717,0.0000681142,0.0004532538,0.00019035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994596,0.000007357384,0.0001907513,0.00004659423,0.0002842427,0.00001149626],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000361433,0.00002267364,0.03233026,0.000001075221,0.00001010916,2.488849e-8,0.0009955727,0.0001221543,0.0000249356,0.9647185,0.001353305,0.0004177745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005090953,0.000002899282,0.4042745,0.000005944598,0.00005156475,3.938314e-7,0.002830784,0.05268272,0.00005259036,0.005916454,0.5334186,0.0002544701],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06656376,0.000002716224,0.003319305,0.00223308,0.0007227962,0.0001327431,0.000003672471,0.00005956313,0.9269624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895347,4.913111e-7,0.0001248695,0.009344308,0.0004860677,0.00001481189,0.0001853024,0.000001939621,0.0003075415],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.958802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999831,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0165641813848815,"score_gpt":0.2591222471658781,"score_spread":0.2425580657809966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}