{"id":"W2028149148","doi":"10.1111/j.1754-7121.2006.tb01976.x","title":"Profiling a problem in Canadian police leadership: the Kingston Police data collection project","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Administration","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Police department; Racial profiling; Criminology; Political science; Profiling (computer programming); Library science; Sociology; Gender studies; Race (biology)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001494409,0.0001260858,0.00009991594,0.0005912178,0.001746385,0.0006999751,0.0005721404,0.0001883353,0.0001095313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001867198,0.0001245822,0.00002576243,0.001569076,0.0001819643,0.001152673,0.00001560008,0.0002902055,0.00003025904],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001657255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0243512,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9998581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997856,0.0003195987,0.0002620555,0.0003290224,0.0002530432,0.0009802349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987695,0.0001065759,0.0001188936,0.0003965796,0.0001116882,0.0004968028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003028523,0.0001668734,0.1752641,0.00007515163,0.00004457573,0.00001483033,0.0863427,0.00002130191,0.0001384139,0.5363955,0.1945355,0.00697071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001336548,0.00003464231,0.01635513,0.00001759509,0.00001435119,0.00001457687,0.02409133,0.0008034435,0.000005263583,0.0001281106,0.9581848,0.0002170388],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2508513,0.0000472249,0.00004741132,0.388011,0.0005283618,0.002563605,0.0003969261,0.000146457,0.3574078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929804,0.00001145967,0.0002693747,0.001311082,0.0006679608,0.00007443539,0.0004829373,0.00001582998,0.004186539],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7636493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1800691803185548,"score_gpt":0.3772409543339772,"score_spread":0.1971717740154224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}