{"id":"W2028590442","doi":"10.1093/rfs/13.4.841","title":"Toeholds, Bid Jumps, and Expected Payoffs in Takeovers","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of Financial Studies","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Tender offer; Stochastic game; Competition (biology); Outcome (game theory); Microeconomics; Shareholder; Stock (firearms); Bidding; Bid shading; Stock price; Economics; Unique bid auction; Business; Econometrics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00718831,0.0004185029,0.0007528455,0.001177312,0.0004741943,0.001838572,0.0008747622,0.001080248,0.003021552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03926874,0.0004340511,0.0006364675,0.0009950608,0.001079488,0.00139139,0.00128588,0.001716689,0.0006602788],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007027047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002355419,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002572375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003579587,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971095,0.001178212,0.0002009573,0.0005585646,0.0005544832,0.0003983089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9478156,0.03388445,0.01357471,0.001707618,0.0009098403,0.002107704],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001180805,0.0004820718,0.9668924,0.00005599674,0.000256631,0.0004408974,0.0004362383,0.01013794,0.0009553,0.002888265,0.0005714509,0.01570191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008016122,0.0008129179,0.9252636,0.00002293042,0.0001334785,0.0005742908,0.0005366371,0.06191686,0.0007918769,0.009293589,0.0005137223,0.00005994071],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983914,0.0001679513,0.0008920929,0.00005222042,0.000003488039,0.00001485967,0.0001232985,0.00000883458,0.0003458762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990203,0.00006219495,0.00019712,0.000008912197,0.00000796134,0.00001200202,0.0002790121,0.000002641212,0.0004097729],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00718831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03801584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02831028176440634,"score_gpt":0.2514993289809981,"score_spread":0.2231890472165917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}