{"id":"W2028698530","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2007.08.003","title":"Mining and corruption","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Resources Policy","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; U.S. Geological Survey","keywords":"Language change; Per capita; Economics; Per capita income; Unit (ring theory); Value (mathematics); Development economics; International economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006669756,0.00003901111,0.00005160797,0.0001185897,0.0002586738,0.0000500471,0.00005459521,0.00004039118,0.0001461919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001031796,0.0000415807,0.00001425897,0.0001206107,0.00008870021,0.00005538244,0.00002570518,0.00002525035,0.00005502664],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001101644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005488993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002279794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002595788,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995004,0.00001930821,0.0001011156,0.00009080731,0.00007971339,0.0002086352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997311,0.00005620185,0.00003496059,0.00004514012,0.00001143207,0.0001212295],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001150305,0.000009739441,0.02760894,0.000003207119,0.000004639558,0.000001955225,0.08351181,0.000001186705,0.00006434943,0.02596479,0.0003521484,0.8624657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009114309,0.000005764029,0.07778313,0.000005164902,0.000001129091,0.000001533979,0.008829619,0.00001006568,0.000006582905,0.00009731032,0.9131088,0.00005980828],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7313835,0.00003595466,0.00006857715,0.001795955,0.00007284465,0.00003725845,2.68135e-7,0.00003914267,0.2665665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852052,0.00007200328,0.0003465754,0.0006043937,0.0005262287,0.00000114686,6.162183e-7,0.000003850525,0.01323999],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9127566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3446382,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02960462656851753,"score_gpt":0.3337811217498777,"score_spread":0.3041764951813602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}