{"id":"W2029185092","doi":"10.1007/s00231-009-0485-x","title":"Heat flow in functionally graded pipes with isothermal boundary conditions","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Isothermal process; Materials science; Thermal conductivity; Steady state (chemistry); Boundary value problem; Mechanics; Homogeneous; Heat flow; Flow (mathematics); Thermodynamics; Conductivity; Thermal conduction; Boundary (topology); Thermal; Composite material; Physics; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001882519,0.00009966135,0.000120518,0.00008429858,0.00005836683,0.00003648929,0.00002235785,0.00004094679,0.0001688409],"category_scores_gemma":[2.451091e-7,0.00008300933,0.00003019657,0.0001063236,0.00001833934,0.000108498,6.651291e-7,0.00008024891,0.0000013547],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001700772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007625934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008229833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001817711,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999599,0.000008064437,0.0001011163,0.0001027224,0.00007266454,0.000116444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998789,0.000007975373,6.501625e-7,0.00005977593,0.00001342663,0.00003923694],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001288436,0.00005635346,0.005020699,0.00005501271,0.0001214768,0.00002445618,0.0008568104,0.8974645,0.09046108,0.001103674,0.0004714063,0.004235682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004085039,0.0004533459,0.3264464,0.0001342208,0.000271058,0.00006983885,0.0001110833,0.643941,0.01021272,0.002154949,0.01118757,0.0009327872],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.869639,0.0007822312,0.12421,0.0005766461,0.00009384651,0.0001545227,0.00001983986,0.0001342467,0.0043897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989915,0.0001260318,0.0005429937,0.000168831,0.00004310656,0.000005154602,0.00006738542,0.000009722211,0.00004528881],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3214257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3385022,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003398134816865799,"score_gpt":0.1768193806698592,"score_spread":0.1734212458529934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}