{"id":"W2029209961","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01208.x","title":"Corruption and International Trade: An Empirical Investigation of African Countries","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Economy","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Language change; Economics; Index (typography); Gravity model of trade; International economics; International trade; Developing country; Development economics; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003001832,0.00004679981,0.00008235568,0.0001005298,0.0000995134,0.00005599355,0.00007937131,0.00002478251,0.0005212242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001067078,0.00005371528,0.00001571685,0.00006797698,0.0001245699,0.0003445369,0.000007806062,0.00003638477,0.00001214382],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001144387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008738389,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005325581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009983493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995361,0.00002935002,0.0001782479,0.0001216317,0.00004324743,0.00009144717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997426,0.00002501026,0.00008094955,0.00005093624,0.00001153859,0.00008892603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005111632,0.00006451366,0.6205428,0.00000745326,0.00001984162,7.735852e-7,0.0441242,0.0000268057,0.00004562873,0.1619839,0.002670203,0.1704628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001810828,0.00002277517,0.4690709,0.000005218302,0.000003416997,6.297892e-7,0.001798657,0.0002163984,0.00002412343,0.004839111,0.5237451,0.00009258559],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7907521,0.00002486783,0.00008350534,0.0359653,0.0003367277,0.000136225,0.000003946363,0.00004515135,0.1726522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967415,0.00002482829,0.0003896445,0.001322871,0.0001108961,0.000003646303,0.00001127575,0.000001979335,0.001393402],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5210748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5707039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.044753489846503,"score_gpt":0.3162227470924426,"score_spread":0.2714692572459396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}