{"id":"W2029256337","doi":"10.1007/s10230-005-0083-1","title":"A Bench-scale Assessment of a Combined Passive System to Reduce Concentrations of Metals and Sulphate in Acid Mine Drainage","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mine Water and the Environment","topic":"Mine drainage and remediation techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Alkalinity; Anoxic waters; Acid mine drainage; Effluent; Drainage; Schwertmannite; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Biofilter; Environmental chemistry; Precipitation; Chemistry; Adsorption","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005694453,0.0003509462,0.0006262607,0.0002185682,0.0004816506,0.0007273039,0.000739536,0.0008100549,0.0006552828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005709613,0.0002072134,0.0004350622,0.0002128423,0.0004443143,0.0004609783,0.0004288189,0.0003824997,0.0001878058],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005943363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006150497,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003582426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00403778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999535,0.0001360233,0.00002208067,0.000076759,0.0001911079,0.00003907282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996549,0.00007917367,0.0000345123,0.0000287193,0.0001500505,0.00005267338],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009686669,0.0006602582,0.001786791,0.0001530037,0.00003091988,0.00002915347,0.00007435856,0.00101485,0.9882566,0.00004076674,0.00007306437,0.006911628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002812302,0.01515666,0.009937983,0.00001154616,0.0001248943,0.0001135023,0.0001892621,0.008352125,0.9641116,0.00008302715,0.001616809,0.00002132002],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977489,0.00007905618,0.001734493,0.00002561492,0.000008626123,0.00005667365,0.0000482425,0.0000240127,0.0002744323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932399,0.0002046723,0.004472551,0.00004556169,0.00001194619,0.00006240516,0.0001186917,0.000009856621,0.00183441],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003582426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007123113,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005315991220312939,"score_gpt":0.2209171653229784,"score_spread":0.2156011741026655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}