{"id":"W2029310315","doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1106955","title":"Small-Airway Obstruction and Emphysema in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1206,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency; Vancouver General Hospital; St. Paul's Hospital; University of British Columbia","funders":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; GlaxoSmithKline","keywords":"Medicine; COPD; Lung transplantation; Airway obstruction; Airway; Lung; Obstructive lung disease; Respiratory disease; Lung volumes; Gold standard (test); Air trapping; Stage (stratigraphy); Pulmonary disease; Radiology; Cardiology; Internal medicine; Surgery","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005932303,0.0002907476,0.0006848174,0.0006224534,0.00006445036,0.00000866312,0.0001802579,0.000098819,0.0007178814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004446273,0.0002137875,0.0001163287,0.0004130015,0.0004621053,0.0002568093,0.00007447177,0.000744795,0.000006680573],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006494344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009943185,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003450113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000691328,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976286,0.0001655792,0.0007445675,0.000345396,0.000674011,0.00044179],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977457,0.0001534064,0.0003214573,0.0003127322,0.0002873787,0.001179307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01009763,0.0003140131,0.2947051,0.0008071066,0.0002123159,0.008322322,0.002410823,0.00002075894,0.004947289,0.0007061521,0.0003377509,0.6771187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0255981,0.0008734902,0.9593978,0.0009622736,0.0003025774,0.003473979,0.0007209503,0.0003034556,0.0003802252,0.005422787,0.002369661,0.0001946883],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9801662,0.01316517,0.000136215,0.00199511,0.0005739118,0.0004109852,0.000006636442,0.00001945866,0.003526344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939486,0.001153172,0.0005401014,0.0001045596,0.003587737,0.000005825996,0.00001103327,0.00004030053,0.0006087083],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.676924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8718002,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03396977286948494,"score_gpt":0.2812614990109827,"score_spread":0.2472917261414978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}