{"id":"W2029373708","doi":"10.1016/j.compchemeng.2007.03.018","title":"Discrete element simulation of liquid-particle flows","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Chemical Engineering","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McMaster University; Xerox Foundation","keywords":"Discrete element method; Drag; Particle (ecology); Suspension (topology); Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Collision; Economies of agglomeration; Colloidal particle; Magnetosphere particle motion; Classical mechanics; Materials science; Physics; Colloid; Mathematics; Engineering; Computer science; Geology; Chemical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003132833,0.0002833056,0.0009880776,0.0004250898,0.0005383365,0.0009926618,0.0009399909,0.001471958,0.004000333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001285375,0.0004574517,0.0004201637,0.0003583357,0.0008490162,0.0005931468,0.0008635288,0.0008815167,0.0005170868],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006627504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009102733,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006828481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004253801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997787,0.00006047642,0.00001017606,0.00001997889,0.00009649683,0.0000341829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999549,0.0002596163,0.00002782055,0.00003927631,0.00006713674,0.00005729977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005304546,0.00007414577,0.0004206244,0.00002675198,0.00001366192,0.00003683755,0.00003602631,0.9824454,0.001597151,0.01087574,0.0002699475,0.004150737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001106407,0.000004075081,0.00004051392,0.000001426564,0.000001110158,0.000002886781,0.000003977669,0.99834,0.0003697021,0.0009198901,0.0003033593,0.000001850836],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2962096,0.0004952164,0.6644628,0.0009319703,0.0003822501,0.0001553453,0.0004278688,0.0008342798,0.0361007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9171797,0.0001872928,0.07181504,0.0001273298,0.0000362658,0.0001566971,0.0002550431,0.0001055528,0.01013708],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006828481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01357746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0063380187716337,"score_gpt":0.2111207618916299,"score_spread":0.2047827431199962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}